Literature

Biografi William Shakespeare

















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           Partiwidyaningsih
     Rezki Amaliyah Kadir









FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR
2016-2017
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and baptised there on April 26th  1564. His actual date of birth remains unknown, but is traditionally observed on April,  23rd . He was the third child of eight and the eldest surviving son.
Although no attendance records for the period survive, most biographers agree that Shakespeare was probably educated at the King's New School in Stratford, a free school chartered in 1553, about a quarter-mile (400 m) from his home. Grammar schools varied in quality during the Elizabethan era, but grammar school curricula were largely similar: the basic Latin text was standardised by royal decree, and the school would have provided an intensive education in grammar based upon Latin classical authors. At the age of 18th, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway (26th years old). The consistory court of the Diocese of Worcester issued a marriage licence on November 27th  1582. They had three children, namely Susanna, the twins Hamnet and Judith. But unfortunately, Hamnet died of unknown causes at the age of 11th. Shakespearre later spawned his work entitled "The Tragical History of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark". People thought Shakespeare was inspired to make the work of his son's death because his name is similar to (Hamnet to Hamlet). Scholars refer to the years between 1585 and 1592 as Shakespeare's "lost years" because nothing is known of him. By 1592 at any rate he was a rising young playwright in London.
Shakespeare was alive during the late Renaissance, which in England is referred to as the Elizabethan Era. This Era is named after Queen Elizabeth I, who was Britain's first female monarch. She was the daughter of Henry VIII. Elizabeth period as well as the period of "renaissance" in the English literature. After 1594, Shakespeare's plays were performed only by the Lord Chamberlain's Men, a company owned by a group of players, including Shakespeare, that soon became the leading playing company in London. Shakespeare has become the author of the rich and famous in his time. Queen Elizabeth I greatly admire his work. Queen Elizabeth is a regular guest performances from William. Shakespeare is also preferred when the reign of King James I. Of all literary Elizabethan drama who have made the most progress, culminating in the works of William Shakespeare.
William Shakespeare wrote from 1586 until 1611, or approximately 25 years. He work has been performed more often than any other dramatist´s. His drama is often said to be the “mirror of life“. The greatest aspect of his genius was his understanding of human nature, and his characters are seen as real today as they were when they first appeared on the stage. His command of language has no equal. Computer studies tell us that he used more words than any other writer. His plays are divided into five acts and are written in blank verse. Shakespeare wrote 37 plays, which fall into three categories: comedies, tragedies  and  histories.


1. Tragedies
• Romeo and Juliet
• Macbeth
• King Lear
• Hamlet
• Othello
• Titus Andronicus
• Julius Caesar
• Antony and Cleopatra
• Coriolanus
• Troilus and Cressida
• Timon of Athens

2. Comedies
• The Comedy of Errors
• All's Well That Ends Well
• As You Like It
• A Midsummer Night's Dream
• Much Ado About Nothing
• Measure for Measure
• The Tempest
• Taming of the Shrew
• Twelfth Night, or What You Will
• The Merchant of Venice
• The Merry Wives of Windsor
• Love's Labour's Lost
• The Two Gentlemen of Verona
• Pericles Prince of Tyre
• Cymbeline
• The Winter's Tale

3. Histories
• Richard III
• Richard II
• Henry VI, part 1
• Henry VI, part 2
• Henry VI, part 3
• Henry V
• Henry IV, part 1
• Henry IV, part 2
• Henry VIII
• King John

Romeo and Juliet, which was written in Shakespeare's early years. Romeo and Juliet originally a tragic romance in ancient times. The story of Romeo and Juliet is based on the story in Italy, which is converted into rhyme in The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet by Arthur Brooke in 1562 and retold in prose in Palace of Pleasure by William Painter in 1582. Shakespeare borrowed ideas from both, but further develop the supporting characters, particularly Mercutio and Paris, to expand the storyline. Written between 1591 to 1595, Romeo and Juliet was first staged in 1597. Shakespeare uses dramatic structure. Effects such as changes between comedy and tragedy into the mounting tension, the expansion of minor characters, and the use of sub-plots to embellish the story, has been praised as one of the early signs of Shakespeare's dramatic flair. This drama comes from various forms of poetry and character, which sometimes change the path of character development. Examples Romeo increasingly proficient in composing sonnets as the story progresses.
Romeo and Juliet have repeatedly staged in the form of drama, movies, musicals and opera. During the English Restoration, this drama is revived, and revised by William Davenant. David Garrick also changed some parts, and adaptation opera by Georg Benda eliminate a lot of action, and add a happy ending. The appearance in the 19th century, such as by Charlotte Cushman, using the original script of Romeo and Julia, and more focus on greater realism. In the 20th century, Romeo and Julia have been adapted into various versions of the film Romeo and Juliet in 1936. In Indonesia, the Indonesian translations into her entitled Romeo and Julia conducted by Trisno Sumardjo.
Shakespeare died on April 23rd, 1616. Not exactly sure what he died from but history says he drank too much wine and ate too many pickled herrings. On his tombstone is written "Blest be the man who cast Reviews These stones, and cursed be he that moves my bones".






References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romeo_dan_Juliet
http://www.mssch.cz/sites/default/files/_hromada/SHAKESPEARE.DOC
http://skola.amoskadan.cz/s_aj/AJpdf/aepdf/ae03.pdf
http://dayuwidhy.blogspot.co.id/2014/01/analisis-novel-romeo-juliet-ini-dayuu.html