Biography Robert Frost
Made by:
Ahwandi Riswanto
Intan Oliyana
FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR
2016-2017
Robert Frost
Robert Frost was born in San Francisco, California, to journalist William Prescott Frost, Jr., and Isabelle Moodie. His mother was a Scottish immigrant, and his father descended from Nicholas Frost of Tiverton, Devon, England, who had sailed to New Hampshire in 1634 on the Wolfrana.
Frost's father was a teacher and later an editor of the San Francisco Evening Bulletin (which later merged with The San Francisco Examiner), and an unsuccessful candidate for city tax collector. After his death on May 5, 1885, the family moved across the country to Lawrence, Massachusetts, under the patronage of (Robert's grandfather) William Frost, Sr., who was an overseer at a New England mill. Frost graduated from Lawrence High School in 1892. Frost's mother joined the Swedenborgian church and had him baptized in it, but he left it as an adult.
Although known for his later association with rural life, Frost grew up in the city, and he published his first poem in his high school's magazine. He attended Dartmouth College for two months, long enough to be accepted into the Theta Delta Chi fraternity. Frost returned home to teach and to work at various jobs, including helping his mother teach her class of unruly boys, delivering newspapers, and working in a factory maintaining carbon arc lamps. He did not enjoy these jobs, feeling his true calling was poetry
In 1894 he sold his first poem, "My Butterfly. An Elegy" (published in the November 8, 1894, edition of the New York Independent) for $15 ($410 today). Proud of his accomplishment, he proposed marriage to Elinor Miriam White, but she demurred, wanting to finish college (at St. Lawrence University) before they married. Frost then went on an excursion to the Great Dismal Swamp in Virginia and asked Elinor again upon his return. Having graduated, she agreed, and they were married at Lawrence, Massachusetts on December 19, 1895.
Frost attended Harvard University from 1897 to 1899, but he left voluntarily due to illness. Shortly before his death, Frost's grandfather purchased a farm for Robert and Elinor in Derry, New Hampshire; Frost worked the farm for nine years while writing early in the mornings and producing many of the poems that would later become famous. Ultimately his farming proved unsuccessful and he returned to the field of education as an English teacher at New Hampshire's Pinkerton Academy from 1906 to 1911, then at the New Hampshire Normal School (now Plymouth State University) in Plymouth, New Hampshire.
In 1912 Frost sailed with his family to Great Britain, settling first in Beaconsfield, a small town outside London. His first book of poetry, A Boy's Will, was published the next year. In England he made some important acquaintances, including Edward Thomas (a member of the group known as the Dymock poets and Frost's inspiration for "The Road Not Taken"), T. E. Hulme, and Ezra Pound. Although Pound would become the first American to write a favorable review of Frost's work, Frost later resented Pound's attempts to manipulate his American prosody. Frost met or befriended many contemporary poets in England, especially after his first two poetry volumes were published in London in 1913 (A Boy's Will) and 1914 (North of Boston).
The Robert Frost Farm in Derry, New Hampshire, where he wrote many of his poems, including "Tree at My Window" and "Mending Wall."
In 1915, during World War I, Frost returned to America, where Holt's American edition of A Boy's Will had recently been published, and bought a farm in Franconia, New Hampshire, where he launched a career of writing, teaching, and lecturing. This family homestead served as the Frosts' summer home until 1938. It is maintained today as The Frost Place, a museum and poetry conference site. During the years 1916–20, 1923–24, and 1927–1938, Frost taught English at Amherst College in Massachusetts, notably encouraging his students to account for the myriad sounds and intonations of the spoken English language in their writing. He called his colloquial approach to language "the sound of sense."
In 1924, he won the first of four Pulitzer Prizes for the book New Hampshire: A Poem with Notes and Grace Notes. He would win additional Pulitzers for Collected Poems in 1931, A Further Range in 1937, and A Witness Tree in 1943.
For forty-two years — from 1921 to 1963 — Frost spent almost every summer and fall teaching at the Bread Loaf School of English of Middlebury College, at its mountain campus at Ripton, Vermont. He is credited as a major influence upon the development of the school and its writing programs. The college now owns and maintains his former Ripton farmstead as a national historic site near the Bread Loaf campus. In 1921 Frost accepted a fellowship teaching post at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, where he resided until 1927 when he returned to teach at Amherst. While teaching at the University of Michigan, he was awarded a lifetime appointment at the University as a Fellow in Letters. The Robert Frost Ann Arbor home was purchased by The Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan and relocated to the museum's Greenfield Village site for public tours.
Harvard's 1965 alumni directory indicates Frost received an honorary degree there. Although he never graduated from college, Frost received over 40 honorary degrees, including ones from Princeton, Oxford and Cambridge universities, and was the only person to receive two honorary degrees from Dartmouth College. During his lifetime, the Robert Frost Middle School in Fairfax, Virginia, the Robert L. Frost School in Lawrence, Massachusetts, and the main library of Amherst College were named after him.
"I had a lover's quarrel with the world." The epitaph engraved on his tomb is an excerpt from his poem "The Lesson for Today."
In 1960, Frost was awarded a United States Congressional Gold Medal, "In recognition of his poetry, which has enriched the culture of the United States and the philosophy of the world,"[13] which was finally bestowed by President Kennedy in March 1962.[14] Also in 1962, he was awarded the Edward MacDowell Medal for outstanding contribution to the arts by the MacDowell Colony.[15]
Frost was 86 when he read his well-known poem "The Gift Outright" at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy on January 20, 1961. He died in Boston two years later, on January 29, 1963, of complications from prostate surgery. He was buried at the Old Bennington Cemetery in Bennington, Vermont. His epitaph quotes the last line from his poem, "The Lesson for Today (1942): "I had a lover's quarrel with the world."
One of the original collections of Frost materials, to which he himself contributed, is found in the Special Collections department of the Jones Library in Amherst, Massachusetts. The collection consists of approximately twelve thousand items, including original manuscript poems and letters, correspondence and photographs, as well as audio and visual recordings.[16] The Archives and Special Collections at Amherst College holds a small collection of his papers. The University of Michigan Library holds the Robert Frost Family Collection of manuscripts, photographs, printed items, and artwork. The most significant collection of Frost's working manuscripts is held by Dartmouth.
Works
Poetry collections
•A Boy's Will (David Nutt 1913; Holt, 1915)
•North of Boston (David Nutt, 1914; Holt, 1914)
o"After Apple-Picking"
o"The Death of the Hired Man"
o"Mending Wall"
•Mountain Interval (Holt, 1916)
o"Birches"
o"Out, Out"
o"The Oven Bird"
o"The Road Not Taken"
•Selected Poems (Holt, 1923)
Includes poems from first three volumes and the poem The Runaway
•New Hampshire (Holt, 1923; Grant Richards, 1924)
o"Fire and Ice"
o"Nothing Gold Can Stay"
o"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"
•Several Short Poems (Holt, 1924)[1]
•Selected Poems (Holt, 1928)
•West-Running Brook (Holt, 1928? 1929)
o"Acquainted with the Night"
•The Lovely Shall Be Choosers, The Poetry Quartos, printed and illustrated by Paul Johnston (Random House, 1929)
•Collected Poems of Robert Frost (Holt, 1930; Longmans, Green, 1930)
•The Lone Striker (Knopf, 1933)
•Selected Poems: Third Edition (Holt, 1934)
•Three Poems (Baker Library, Dartmouth College, 1935)
•The Gold Hesperidee (Bibliophile Press, 1935)
•From Snow to Snow (Holt, 1936)
•A Further Range (Holt, 1936; Cape, 1937)
•Collected Poems of Robert Frost (Holt, 1939; Longmans, Green, 1939)
•A Witness Tree (Holt, 1942; Cape, 1943)
o"The Gift Outright"
o"A Question"
o"The Silken Tent"
•Come In, and Other Poems (Holt, 1943)
•Steeple Bush (Holt, 1947)
•Complete Poems of Robert Frost, 1949 (Holt, 1949; Cape, 1951)
•Hard Not To Be King (House of Books, 1951)
•Aforesaid (Holt, 1954)
•A Remembrance Collection of New Poems (Holt, 1959)
•You Come Too (Holt, 1959; Bodley Head, 1964)
•In the Clearing (Holt Rinehart & Winston, 1962)
•The Poetry of Robert Frost (Holt Rinehart & Winston, 1969)
Plays
•A Way Out: A One Act Play (Harbor Press, 1929).
•The Cow's in the Corn: A One Act Irish Play in Rhyme (Slide Mountain Press, 1929).
•A Masque of Reason (Holt, 1945).
•A Masque of Mercy (Holt, 1947)
Prose books
•The Letters of Robert Frost to Louis Untermeyer (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963; Cape, 1964).
•Robert Frost and John Bartlett: The Record of a Friendship, by Margaret Bartlett Anderson (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963).
•Selected Letters of Robert Frost (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1964).
•Interviews with Robert Frost (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1966; Cape, 1967).
•Family Letters of Robert and Elinor Frost (State University of New York Press, 1972).
•Robert Frost and Sidney Cox: Forty Years of Friendship (University Press of New England, 1981).
•The Notebooks of Robert Frost, edited by Robert Faggen (Harvard University Press, January 2007).
Letters
•The Letters of Robert Frost, Volume 1, 1886–1921, edited by Donald Sheehy, Mark Richardson, and Robert Faggen (Harvard University Press; 2014); 811 pages; first volume of the scholarly edition of the poet's correspondence, including many previously unpublished letters.
Omnibus volumes
•Collected Poems, Prose and Plays (Richard Poirier, ed.) (Library of America, 1995) ISBN 978-1-883011-06-2.
Spoken word
•Robert Frost Reads His Poetry, Caedmon Records, 1957, TC1060
Reference
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Frost On October 27, 2016 at 21:23-23:11